pastportraits

 Beginning between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic period saw the rise of the earliest human civilizations. Hunting and gathering gave way to sedentary agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals during this crucial time. The first civilizations emerged as permanent settlements were made possible by the advancement of agriculture. Among the oldest civilizations that are known to exist include: 1. Sumer (about 4500 BCE): Sumer, which is in present-day Iraq in southern Mesopotamia, is frequently recognized as one of the oldest civilizations. It created sophisticated writing systems (like cuneiform), sophisticated social institutions, and urban planning. 2. Ancient Egypt (about 3100 BCE): After Upper and Lower Egypt were united in 3100 BCE, ancient Egypt began to emerge along the Nile River. The Egyptians created colossal buildings, learned mathematics and astronomy, and wrote in hieroglyphics. 3. The Indus Valley Civilization (about 3300 BCE): Mohenjo-Daro and ...